(British Approved Name, US Adopted Name, rINN)
Drug Nomenclature
International Nonproprietary Names (INNs) in main languages (French, Latin, Russian, and Spanish):
Pharmacopoeias. In China, Europe, and US.
European Pharmacopoeia, 6th ed. (Glipizide). A white or almost white crystalline powder. Practically insoluble in water and in alcohol very slightly soluble in acetone and in dichloromethane. It dissolves in dilute solutions of alkali hydroxides.
The United States Pharmacopeia 31, 2008 (Glipizide). Store in airtight containers. Protect from light.
Adverse Effects, Treatment, and Precautions
As for sulfonylureas in general.
Porphyria. Glipizide has been associated with acute attacks of porphyria and is considered unsafe in porphyric patients.
Interactions
As for sulfonylureas in general.
Antacids. Magnesium hydroxide and sodium bicarbonate have been reported to increase the rate of absorption, although not the total amount absorbed, of a dose of glipizide in healthy subjects. No such effect was seen with aluminium hydroxide
Pharmacokinetics
Glipizide is readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract with peak plasma concentrations occurring 1 to 3 hours after a single dose. It is extensively bound to plasma proteins and has a half-life of about 2 to 4 hours. It is metabolised mainly in the liver and excreted chiefly in the urine, largely as inactive metabolites.
Uses and Administration
Glipizide is a sulfonylurea antidiabetic. It is given orally in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus and has a duration of action of up to 24 hours. The usual initial dose is 2.5 to 5 mg daily given as a single dose about 30 minutes before breakfast. Dosage may be adjusted at intervals of several days by amounts of 2.5 to 5 mg daily, to a maximum of 20 mg daily. Doses up to 40 mg daily have been used, but see below. Doses larger than 15 mg daily are given in two divided doses before meals. Modified-release formulations of glipizide are available in some countries one such preparation (Glucotrol XL Pfizer, USA) is given in doses of 5 to 10 mg daily as a single dose with breakfast.
Administration. Although glipizide may be given in doses up to a maximum of 40 mg daily, evidence for the benefits of high doses is scanty. A small study in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus found that not only did increases in glipizide doses to more than 10 mg daily produce little or no benefit, but that the higher doses were associated with reduced rises in plasma-insulin concentrations and a lesser reduction in plasma-glucose concentrations. There is, however, some evidence that glycae-mic control and insulin sensitivity can be improved by the use of a modified-release rather than a conventional formulation of glipizide.
Preparations
British Pharmacopoeia 2008: Glipizide Tablets
The United States Pharmacopeia 31, 2008: Glipizide and Metformin Hydrochloride Tablets Glipizide Tablets.
Proprietary Preparations
Argentina: Minodiab
Australia: Melizide Minidiab
Austria: Glibenese Minidiab
Belgium: Glibenese Minidiab
Brazil: Minidiab
Chile: Minidiab Xiprine
Czech Republic: Antidiabf Glucotrol † Mediab Minidiab
Denmark: Glibenese Minidiab
Finland: Apamid † Glibenese Melizid Minidiab
France: Glibenese Minidiab Ozidia
Greece: Glibenese Minodiab
Hong Kong: Diase Glucotrol Minidiab Sunglucon
Hungary: Minidiab
India: Diaglip Glez Glide Glucolip Glynase Glyzip
Indonesia: Aldiab Glucotrol Glyzid
Ireland: Glibenese
Israel: Gluco-Rite
Italy: Minidiab
Malaysia: Dibizicle † Dipazide Glix Melizide Minidiab
Mexico: Glupitel Luditec Minodiab Pigloss Singloben
The Netherlands: Glibenesej
Norway: Apamid Minidiab
New Zealand: Glipid Minidiab
Philippines: Glix Minidiab
Poland: Antidiab Glibenese
Portugal: Minidiab
Russia: Glibenese Minidiab †
South Africa: Minidiab
Singapore Beapizide Diactin Diasef Melizide Minidiab
Spain: Glibenese Minodiab
Sweden: Apamid † Glipiscandl Minidiab
Switzerland: Glibenese
Thailand: Apamid † Depizide Diase Dipazide Gipzide Glipimed Glizide Glucodiab Glygen GP-Zide Melizide Minibit Minidiab Namedia Pezide
Turkey: Glucotrol Minidiab
UK: Glibenese Minodiab
USA: Glucotrol
Venezuela: Minidiab.
Multi-ingredient
India: Diaglip M Metaglez
USA: Metaglip.